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    ITF Taekwondo Theory Quiz

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    Reference

    Korean Glossary

    282 terms from Gen. Choi Hong Hi's Encyclopedia of Taekwon-Do.

    Showing all 282 terms

    Philosophy & Tenets(18)

    • Charter of Taekwon-Do

      Taekwon-Do Hun Jang

      The founding charter laying out the philosophy and purpose of the art.

      Vol. 1, p. 12

    • Composition of Taekwon-Do

      Taekwon-Do Goosong

      How fundamentals, patterns, sparring, dallyon, and self-defence interrelate.

      Vol. 1, p. 236

    • Courtesy

      예의Ye Ui

      Building noble character through respect, etiquette, and orderly conduct.

      Vol. 1, p. 15

    • Etiquette

      Ye Jol

      Conduct expected of students inside and outside the do jang.

      Vol. 1, p. 66

    • Humanity

      In

      First of the five Confucian virtues — love and care for fellow humans.

      Vol. 1, p. 47

    • Indomitable Spirit

      백절불굴Baekjul Boolgool

      Standing firm with one's principles, regardless of the odds.

      Vol. 1, p. 17

    • Integrity

      염치Yom Chi

      Knowing right from wrong and having the conscience to feel guilt when wrong.

      Vol. 1, p. 15

    • Moral Culture

      Jungshin Sooyang

      Cultivation of moral character — central to the spiritual side of training.

      Vol. 1, p. 45

    • Perseverance

      인내In Nae

      Setting a goal and overcoming every difficulty by patient effort.

      Vol. 1, p. 16

    • Philosophy of Taekwon-Do

      Taekwon-Do Chul Hak

      The ethical and spiritual foundation of the art.

      Vol. 1, p. 88

    • Propriety

      Ye

      Behaving with respect and good manners even under hardship.

      Vol. 1, p. 50

    • Righteousness

      Ui

      The ability to feel ashamed of unjust acts and do one's duty.

      Vol. 1, p. 50

    • Self-Control

      극기Guk Gi

      Mastering oneself, both in sparring and in personal affairs.

      Vol. 1, p. 16

    • Song of Taekwon-Do

      Taekwon-Do Norae

      The official anthem of Taekwon-Do.

      Vol. 1, p. 18

    • Student/Instructor Relationship

      Sajeji Do

      The respectful bond between teacher and student rooted in Confucian values.

      Vol. 1, p. 81

    • Tenets of Taekwon-Do

      태권도 정신Taekwon-Do Jungshin

      The five guiding principles of ITF Taekwon-Do.

      Vol. 1, p. 14

    • Trust

      Shin

      The ability to keep one's word and promises.

      Vol. 1, p. 51

    • Wisdom

      Ji

      The ability to judge right from wrong, especially in matters concerning oneself.

      Vol. 1, p. 51

    Ranks & Ceremony(7)

    • Degree

      단Dan

      Black-belt rank, from 1st Dan up to 9th Dan.

      Vol. 1, p. 91

    • Grade

      급Gup

      Colour-belt rank, from 10th Gup (white) up to 1st Gup (black tag). Often spelled 'Kup'.

      Vol. 1, p. 91

    • Instructor

      사범Sabum

      Qualified teacher of Taekwon-Do.

      Vol. 1, p. 82

    • Student

      제자Jeja

      Disciple of the art.

      Vol. 1, p. 84

    • System of Rank

      Dan Gup Jedo

      The 19-rank system of 10 grades (Gup) and 9 degrees (Dan).

      Vol. 1, p. 91

    • Test

      심사Simsa

      Belt grading test.

      Vol. 1, p. 96

    • Umpire Classification

      Simpan Jongyu

      Classification system for tournament umpires.

      Vol. 1, p. 124

    Training & Dojang(24)

    • Apparatus

      Makgi Dae

      Blocking-practice apparatus.

      Vol. 2

    • Backward Stepping

      Duruogi

      Stepping backward.

      Vol. 6

    • Backward Stepping Block

      Maga Duruogi

      Stepping backward while executing a block.

      Vol. 6

    • Backward Stepping Punch

      Jillo Duruogi

      Stepping backward while executing a punch.

      Vol. 6

    • Conditioning Exercises

      Dosoo Dallyon

      Calisthenic warm-ups and conditioning drills.

      Vol. 2

    • Exercise

      Yonsup Bop

      Generic term for a training exercise.

      Vol. 6

    • Forging Bag

      Dallyon Bag

      Hanging bag used for training power and accuracy.

      Vol. 2

    • Forging Pendulum

      Dallyon Gune

      Pendulum-style training aid for timing and impact.

      Vol. 2

    • Forging Post

      Dallyon Joo

      Padded striking post used to condition fists, hands and feet.

      Vol. 2

    • Forward Stepping Block

      Maga Nagagi

      Stepping forward while executing a block — fundamental drill.

      Vol. 6

    • Forward Stepping Punch

      Jillo Nagagi

      Stepping forward while executing a punch.

      Vol. 6

    • Full Facing

      Jon Sin

      Body fully facing the opponent.

      Vol. 2, p. 132

    • Fundamental Exercises

      Gibon Yonsup

      Basic drill exercises practising one technique repeatedly to build correct form.

      Vol. 6

    • General Assumptions

      Ilban Kahjung

      Standing assumptions used when describing fundamental exercises (direction, target, intent).

      Vol. 6

    • Half Facing

      Ban Sin

      Body angled at roughly 45 degrees to the opponent.

      Vol. 2, p. 132

    • Jar

      Danji

      Earthen jar used as a hand-conditioning tool.

      Vol. 2

    • Jump Rope

      Twim Jool

      Conditioning aid for footwork and stamina.

      Vol. 2

    • Mirror

      Koul

      Used to check posture and form.

      Vol. 2

    • Practice Suit

      도복Do Bok

      The white uniform worn for training.

      Vol. 2

    • Side Facing

      Chuk Myon

      Body fully sideways to the opponent.

      Vol. 2, p. 132

    • Stepping

      Nagagi

      Stepping forward.

      Vol. 6

    • Training Aids

      Dallyon Goo

      Equipment used to condition body and technique (forging post, bag, pendulum, etc.).

      Vol. 2

    • Training Hall

      도장Do Jang

      The dedicated space where Taekwon-Do is practised.

      Vol. 2

    • Training Schedule

      Sooryon Gehek Pyo

      The structured practice plan that guides progression.

      Vol. 1, p. 110

    Patterns & Diagrams(7)

    • Floor Diagram Line

      Yon Moo Son

      The path traced on the floor while performing a pattern.

      Vol. 8

    • Four-Direction Block

      Saju Makgi

      Beginner blocking exercise on a four-point cross.

      Vol. 8

    • Four-Direction Punch

      Saju Jirugi

      Beginner punching exercise on a four-point cross. Usually first taught.

      Vol. 8

    • Four-Direction Thrust

      Saju Tulgi

      Four-point thrust exercise introduced at higher gup levels.

      Vol. 10

    • Pattern

      Tul

      A choreographed sequence of techniques against imaginary opponents.

      Vol. 1, p. 154

    • Ready Posture

      Junbi Jase

      The starting posture before beginning a pattern's first movement.

      Vol. 8

    • Spot Turning

      Gujari Dolgi

      Turning on the spot to change direction while keeping foot positions.

      Vol. 8

    Stances (Sogi)(18)

    • Attention Stance

      차렷 서기Charyot Sogi

      Formal attention position used before and after class.

      Vol. 2, p. 160

    • Bending Stance

      구부려 서기Guburyo Sogi

      Preparatory stance for side and back kicks.

      Vol. 2, p. 155

    • Close Stance

      모아 서기Moa Sogi

      Feet together, used as a preparatory posture.

      Vol. 2, p. 132

    • Crouched Stance

      오구려 서기Oguryo Sogi

      Diagonal stance using leg tension by bending the knees inward.

      Vol. 2, p. 149

    • Diagonal Stance

      Sasun Sogi

      A diagonal-foot stance referenced as an alternative to the crouched stance.

      Vol. 2

    • Fixed Stance

      고정 서기Gojung Sogi

      Half-facing stance for side attack/defence with even weight distribution.

      Vol. 2, p. 143

    • L-Stance

      니은자 서기Niunja Sogi

      Defensive half-facing stance with 70/30 weight on the rear leg.

      Vol. 2, p. 138

    • Low Stance

      낮춰 서기Nachuo Sogi

      Long stance similar to walking stance, extended by one foot length.

      Vol. 2, p. 156

    • One-Leg Stance

      외발 서기Waebal Sogi

      Balance stance on a single supporting leg.

      Vol. 2, p. 151

    • Open Stance

      팔자 서기Palja Sogi

      Toes pointing inward (An Palja) or outward (Bakat Palja).

      Vol. 2, p. 134

    • Parallel Stance

      나란히 서기Narani Sogi

      Feet parallel at shoulder width — basic ready posture.

      Vol. 2, p. 133

    • Ready Stance

      준비 서기Junbi Sogi

      Preparatory positions taken before a sequence begins.

      Vol. 2, p. 160

    • Rear Foot Stance

      뒷발 서기Dwitbal Sogi

      Stance with most weight on the rear foot, freeing the front foot to kick.

      Vol. 2, p. 154

    • Sitting Stance

      앉은 서기Annun Sogi

      Wide horse-riding stance for lateral movement and leg conditioning.

      Vol. 2, p. 145

    • Stance

      서기Sogi

      The starting position of every Taekwon-Do movement.

      Vol. 2, p. 132

    • Vertical Stance

      수직 서기Soojik Sogi

      Upright stance with straight legs and 60/40 weight on the rear leg.

      Vol. 2, p. 153

    • Walking Stance

      걷는 서기Gunnun Sogi

      Strong stance for front and rear, with weight evenly distributed.

      Vol. 2, p. 135

    • X-Stance

      교차 서기Kyocha Sogi

      Crossed-foot stance for side or front attack and as a transition.

      Vol. 2, p. 150

    Attacking & Blocking Tools(40)

    • Angle Fingertip

      Homi Sonkut

      Fingertip thrust with the hand at an angle.

      Vol. 2, p. 53

    • Arc-Hand

      Bandal Son

      Curved web of the hand between thumb and index finger.

      Vol. 2, p. 53

    • Attacking & Blocking Tools

      Kyong Gyok mit Makgi Boowi

      The body parts used as weapons or shields in Taekwon-Do.

      Vol. 2, p. 49

    • Back Fist

      등 주먹Dung Joomuk

      Back of the closed fist, used for striking outward or backward.

      Vol. 2, p. 53

    • Back Forearm

      Dung Palmok

      Back surface of the forearm.

      Vol. 2, p. 53

    • Back Hand

      Sondung

      Back of the open hand.

      Vol. 2, p. 53

    • Back Heel

      뒤축Dwitchook

      Back of the heel — used for back kicks and reverse turning kicks.

      Vol. 2, p. 76

    • Back Sole

      Dwitkumchi

      Heel pad on the underside of the foot.

      Vol. 2, p. 76

    • Ball of the Foot

      앞 꿈치Ap Kumchi

      Padded ball just behind the toes — used for front and turning kicks.

      Vol. 2, p. 76

    • Bear Hand

      Gomson

      Heel of the palm with fingers curled — a strong pushing/striking tool.

      Vol. 2, p. 53

    • Double Fingertip

      Doo Sonkarak

      Two-finger thrust (index + middle).

      Vol. 2, p. 53

    • Elbow

      팔굽Palkup

      Used for close-range strikes — front, side, upper, downward.

      Vol. 2, p. 82

    • Finger Belly

      Songarak Badak

      Soft pad of the fingers.

      Vol. 2, p. 53

    • Finger Pincers

      Jipge Son

      Hand with thumb and fingers pinched like pincers.

      Vol. 2, p. 53

    • Fingertips

      손끝Sonkut

      Tips of straight fingers, used as a thrusting tool.

      Vol. 2, p. 53

    • Flat Fingertip

      Opun Sonkut

      Fingertips of the flat open hand.

      Vol. 2, p. 53

    • Foot Parts

      Ha Bansin

      Lower-body striking tools.

      Vol. 2, p. 76

    • Foot-sword

      발칼Balkal

      Outer edge of the foot — the side kick striking surface.

      Vol. 2, p. 76

    • Fore-Knuckle Fist

      Inji Joomuk

      Knuckle of the index finger extended for precision striking.

      Vol. 2, p. 53

    • Forearm

      팔목Palmok

      The forearm — used for blocks via four surfaces (outer, inner, under, back).

      Vol. 2, p. 53

    • Forefinger

      Han Sonkarak

      Single index finger as a thrusting tool.

      Vol. 2, p. 53

    • Forefist

      앞 주먹Ap Joomuk

      Front of the closed fist — the standard punching surface.

      Vol. 2, p. 53

    • Hand Parts

      Sang Bansin

      Upper-body striking and blocking tools.

      Vol. 2, p. 53

    • Inner Tibia

      Angyong Gol

      Inside edge of the shin.

      Vol. 2, p. 84

    • Knee

      무릎Moorup

      Striking tool for close-range or grappling situations.

      Vol. 2, p. 82

    • Knife-hand

      손칼Sonkal

      Outer edge of the open hand — a striking and blocking surface.

      Vol. 2, p. 53

    • Knuckle Fist

      Sonkarak Joomuk

      Fist with one knuckle protruded for a small striking surface.

      Vol. 2, p. 53

    • Long Fist

      Ghin Joomuk

      Fist with index and middle fingers extended (used for throat strikes).

      Vol. 2, p. 53

    • Middle Knuckle Fist

      Joongji Joomuk

      Knuckle fist using the middle finger.

      Vol. 2, p. 53

    • Miscellaneous Parts

      Gita Boowi

      Other body parts used as tools (knee, elbow, head, etc.).

      Vol. 2, p. 82

    • Open Fist

      Pyun Joomuk

      Half-open fist used for striking.

      Vol. 2, p. 53

    • Outer Tibia

      Bakat Kyonggol

      Outside edge of the shin.

      Vol. 2, p. 84

    • Palm

      손바닥Sonbadak

      The flat palm of the hand.

      Vol. 2, p. 53

    • Reverse Footsword

      Balkal Dung

      Inner edge of the foot — opposite of the foot-sword.

      Vol. 2, p. 76

    • Reverse Knife-hand

      Sonkal Dung

      Inner edge of the open hand.

      Vol. 2, p. 53

    • Twin Back Hand

      Sang Sondung

      Two back-hands used together.

      Vol. 2, p. 53

    • Twin Elbow

      Sang Palkup

      Both elbows used together.

      Vol. 2, p. 82

    • Twin Fist

      Sang Joomuk

      Two fists used together.

      Vol. 2, p. 53

    • Twin Palm

      Sang Sonbadak

      Two palms used together.

      Vol. 2, p. 53

    • X-Fist

      Kyocha Joomuk

      Two fists crossed for blocking or striking together.

      Vol. 2, p. 53

    Body Sections & Vital Spots(35)

    • Abdomen

      복부Bokboo

      The abdomen — a mid-section vital area.

      Vol. 2, p. 88

    • Achilles Tendon

      Dwichuk Himjool

      Tendon at the back of the heel.

      Vol. 2, p. 88

    • Adam's Apple

      Gyol Hoo

      Laryngeal prominence on the throat.

      Vol. 2, p. 88

    • Ankle Joint

      Balmok Gwanjol

      Ankle joint as a target.

      Vol. 2, p. 88

    • Armpit

      Gyodurang

      Vital point under the arm.

      Vol. 2, p. 88

    • Bridge of the Nose

      Migan

      Vital point between the eyebrows.

      Vol. 2, p. 88

    • Chest

      가슴Gasum

      The chest area.

      Vol. 2, p. 88

    • Coccyx

      Migol

      Tailbone.

      Vol. 2, p. 88

    • Elbow Joint

      Palgup Gwanjol

      Elbow joint as a target.

      Vol. 2, p. 88

    • Eyeball

      Angoo

      The eye.

      Vol. 2, p. 88

    • Floating Ribs

      Nuk Gol

      The unattached lower ribs — a vital target.

      Vol. 2, p. 88

    • Groin

      Sataguni

      A primary low-section vital point.

      Vol. 2, p. 88

    • Head

      머리Mori

      The head as a body section.

      Vol. 2, p. 88

    • Heart

      Shim Jang

      Cardiac vital point.

      Vol. 2, p. 88

    • High Section

      Nopun Boobun

      Above the shoulders — neck, face, head.

      Vol. 2, p. 90

    • Inner Thigh

      Anjok Hobok Dari

      Inside of the upper leg.

      Vol. 2, p. 88

    • Instep

      발등Baldung

      Top surface of the foot — primary kicking tool for the turning kick.

      Vol. 6

    • Kidney

      Kongpat

      Lower-back vital target.

      Vol. 2, p. 88

    • Knee Joint

      Murup Gwanjol

      Knee joint as a target.

      Vol. 2, p. 88

    • Liver

      Gan Jang

      Right-side mid-section vital target.

      Vol. 2, p. 88

    • Low Section

      Najun Boobun

      Below the navel — groin, thighs, knees.

      Vol. 2, p. 90

    • Middle Section

      Gaunde Boobun

      Shoulders to navel — chest, ribs, solar plexus, abdomen.

      Vol. 2, p. 90

    • Philtrum

      Injoong

      Below the nose, above the upper lip — reference vital spot for the high section.

      Vol. 2, p. 88

    • Point of the Chin

      Mit Tok

      Tip of the chin — major knockout target.

      Vol. 2, p. 88

    • Sections of the Body

      Mom Dungboon

      Division of the body into high, middle, and low sections for attack and defence.

      Vol. 2, p. 90

    • Skull

      Dae Sin Moon

      Bony top of the head.

      Vol. 2, p. 88

    • Solar Plexus

      Myongchi

      Just below the sternum — a major vital point.

      Vol. 2, p. 88

    • Spleen

      Bi Jang

      Left-side mid-section vital target.

      Vol. 2, p. 88

    • Sternum

      Hyung Gol

      Breastbone.

      Vol. 2, p. 88

    • Temple

      Gwanja Nori

      Side of the head — major vital spot.

      Vol. 2, p. 88

    • Tibia

      Kyong Gol

      Shinbone.

      Vol. 2, p. 88

    • Toes

      발끝Balkut

      Tips of the toes — used as a thrusting tool.

      Vol. 6

    • Vital Spots

      급소Kupso

      Anatomical points where strikes are most effective.

      Vol. 2, p. 88

    • Windpipe

      Soom Tong

      Trachea — major vital target.

      Vol. 2, p. 88

    • Wrist Joint

      Sonmok Gwanjol

      Wrist joint as a target.

      Vol. 2, p. 88

    Techniques & Sparring(9)

    • Block

      막기Makgi

      A defensive technique to deflect or stop an attack.

      Vol. 2, p. 49

    • Competition

      경기Kyong Gi

      Tournament contest combining patterns, sparring, power and special techniques.

      Vol. 1, p. 128

    • Competition Rules

      Kyong Gi Kyu Jong

      The official rules of ITF competition.

      Vol. 1, p. 130

    • Demonstration

      시범Sibum

      Public display of Taekwon-Do techniques.

      Vol. 1, p. 142

    • Downward Strike

      Naeryo Taerigi

      A strike delivered downward.

      Vol. 2

    • Front Strike

      Ap Taerigi

      A strike delivered to the front.

      Vol. 2

    • Self-Defence Techniques

      호신술Hosin Sool

      Practical defence against sudden attack by armed or unarmed opponents.

      Vol. 1, p. 162

    • Sparring

      맞서기Matsogi

      Practical application of attack and defence against a moving opponent.

      Vol. 1, p. 161

    • System of Sparring

      Matsogi Jedo

      The classification of sparring (pre-arranged, semi-free, free, foot-technique, model, etc.).

      Vol. 1, p. 161

    Dojang Commands(1)

    • Commence

      시작Sijak

      Verbal command to begin a pattern, sparring exchange, or exercise.

      Vol. 6

    Kicks (Chagi)(45)

    • Back Piercing Kick

      Dwitcha Jirugi

      Back kick driving the heel directly to the rear.

      Vol. 4

    • Back Pushing Kick

      Dwitcha Milgi

      Back kick that pushes through the target.

      Vol. 4

    • Back Snap Kick

      Dwitcha Busigi

      Snapping back kick.

      Vol. 4

    • Checking Kick

      Cha Momchugi

      Checking or stopping kick used defensively.

      Vol. 4

    • Combination Kick

      Honhap Chagi

      Combining different kicks into a single sequence.

      Vol. 4

    • Consecutive Kick

      Yonsok Chagi

      Two or more kicks delivered without lowering the foot.

      Vol. 4

    • Counter Kick

      Bada Chagi

      Kick used to counter an opponent's attack.

      Vol. 4

    • Crescent Kick

      Bandal Chagi

      Arc kick following a half-moon path inward or outward.

      Vol. 4

    • Downward Kick

      Naeryo Chagi

      Axe-like kick descending onto the target.

      Vol. 4

    • Flying Kick

      Twimyo Chagi

      Kick performed while in mid-air.

      Vol. 4

    • Front Checking Kick

      Apcha Momchugi

      Front kick used defensively to stop or check an incoming attack.

      Vol. 7

    • Front Rising Kick

      Apcha Olligi

      Stretching kick raising the foot high to the front.

      Vol. 4

    • Front Snap Kick

      Apcha Busigi

      Kick driving the ball of the foot upward and forward, snapping back.

      Vol. 4

    • Front-Back Kick

      Apdwi Chagi

      Two consecutive kicks — first to the front, then to the rear.

      Vol. 6

    • High Kick

      Nopunde Chagi

      Any kick targeting the high section.

      Vol. 4

    • Hooking Kick

      Golcho Chagi

      Kick that hooks back through the target.

      Vol. 4

    • Inward Kick

      Anuro Chagi

      Kick travelling inward.

      Vol. 4

    • Kick

      차기Chagi

      Generic term for a kick.

      Vol. 4

    • Knee Kick

      Moorup Chagi

      Striking with the knee.

      Vol. 4

    • Low Kick

      Najunde Chagi

      Any kick targeting the low section.

      Vol. 4

    • Mid-Air Kick

      Twio Dolmyo Chagi

      Kick executed during a 360-degree spin in the air.

      Vol. 4

    • Middle Kick

      Kaunde Chagi

      Any kick targeting the middle section.

      Vol. 4

    • Outward Kick

      Bakuro Chagi

      Kick travelling outward.

      Vol. 4

    • Pick-Shape Kick

      Gokaengi Chagi

      Pickaxe-shape kick coming up and back down.

      Vol. 4

    • Pressing Kick

      Noollo Chagi

      Pressing kick exerting steady pressure.

      Vol. 4

    • Reverse Hooking Kick

      Bandae Golcho Chagi

      Spinning hooking kick.

      Vol. 4

    • Reverse Turning Kick

      Bandae Dollyo Chagi

      Spinning kick striking with the back heel.

      Vol. 4

    • Side Checking Kick

      Yopcha Momchugi

      Side kick used defensively to stop or check an incoming attack.

      Vol. 7

    • Side Piercing Kick

      Yopcha Jirugi

      Standard side kick driving the foot-sword horizontally into the target.

      Vol. 4

    • Side Pushing Kick

      Yopcha Milgi

      Side kick that pushes rather than snaps.

      Vol. 4

    • Side Rising Kick

      Yopcha Olligi

      Stretching kick raising the foot high to the side.

      Vol. 4

    • Side Snap Kick

      Yopcha Busigi

      Snapping side kick.

      Vol. 4

    • Side Thrusting Kick

      Yopcha Tulgi

      Side kick driven through the target as a thrust rather than a snap.

      Vol. 7

    • Side Turning Kick

      Yopcha Dollyo Chagi

      Side-on turning kick.

      Vol. 4

    • Spot Kick

      Gujari Chagi

      Kick executed without stepping — from a standing position.

      Vol. 6

    • Stamping Kick

      Cha Bapgi

      Stamping the foot down onto the target.

      Vol. 4

    • Straight Kick

      Jigeau Chagi

      Kick travelling along a straight line to the target.

      Vol. 7

    • Sweeping Kick

      Sweeping Chagi

      Sweeping the opponent off-balance with a low kick.

      Vol. 4

    • Triple Kick

      Samjung Chagi

      Three kicks delivered with the same foot in succession.

      Vol. 4

    • Turning Kick

      Dollyo Chagi

      Roundhouse-style kick using the ball of the foot or instep.

      Vol. 4

    • Twisting Kick

      Bituro Chagi

      Kick that twists through the target — counter-direction of a turning kick.

      Vol. 4

    • Two-Direction Kick

      Sangbang Chagi

      Kicks delivered in two directions in succession.

      Vol. 4

    • Upward Kick

      Olyo Chagi

      Kick travelling straight up — typically a stretching exercise.

      Vol. 6

    • Vertical Kick

      Sewo Chagi

      Kick travelling on a vertical line.

      Vol. 4

    • Waving Kick

      Doro Chagi

      Wave-like kick following a curving path.

      Vol. 4

    Blocks (Makgi)(30)

    • Checking Block

      Momchau Makgi

      Block stopping an attack in place.

      Vol. 3

    • Circular Block

      Dollimyo Makgi

      Block following a circular path.

      Vol. 3

    • Downward Block

      Naeryo Makgi

      Block descending to defend against a low attack.

      Vol. 3

    • Forearm Guarding Block

      Palmok Daebi Makgi

      Guarding block with the forearm.

      Vol. 3

    • Front Block

      Ap Makgi

      Block to the front of the body.

      Vol. 3

    • Grasping Block

      Butjaba Makgi

      Block that catches and holds the attacking limb.

      Vol. 3

    • Guarding Block

      Daebi Makgi

      Block held in a guarding position protecting the centre line.

      Vol. 3

    • High Block

      Nopunde Makgi

      Block protecting the high section.

      Vol. 3

    • Hooking Block

      Golcho Makgi

      Block that hooks the attacking limb.

      Vol. 3

    • Horizontal Block

      Soopyong Makgi

      Block on a horizontal plane.

      Vol. 3

    • Inside Block

      Anmakgi

      Block on the inside of the attacking limb.

      Vol. 3

    • Inward Block

      Anuro Makgi

      Block sweeping inward toward the centre line.

      Vol. 3

    • Knife-Hand Guarding Block

      Sonkal Daebi Makgi

      Guarding block with the knife-hand.

      Vol. 3

    • Low Block

      Najunde Makgi

      Block protecting the low section.

      Vol. 3

    • Middle Block

      Kaunde Makgi

      Block protecting the middle section.

      Vol. 3

    • Outside Block

      Bakat Makgi

      Block on the outside of the attacking limb.

      Vol. 3

    • Outward Block

      Bakuro Makgi

      Block sweeping outward away from the centre line.

      Vol. 3

    • Palm Pushing Block

      Sonbadak Miro Makgi

      Block pushing with the palm.

      Vol. 3

    • Parallel Block

      Narani Makgi

      Two arms blocking in parallel.

      Vol. 3

    • Pressing Block

      Noollo Makgi

      Block pressing down on an attack.

      Vol. 3

    • Pushing Block

      Miro Makgi

      Block pushing the attacking limb away.

      Vol. 3

    • Rising Block

      Chookyo Makgi

      Block rising upward to deflect a high attack.

      Vol. 3

    • Scooping Block

      Duro Makgi

      Block scooping under an attacking foot.

      Vol. 3

    • Side Block

      Yop Makgi

      Block to the side of the body.

      Vol. 3

    • Twin Forearm Block

      Sang Palmok Makgi

      Block with both forearms.

      Vol. 3

    • Twin Knife-Hand Block

      Sang Sonkal Makgi

      Block with both knife-hands.

      Vol. 3

    • U-Shape Block

      Mongdung-i Makgi

      Two-handed block forming a U-shape.

      Vol. 3

    • W-Shape Block

      San Makgi

      Two-handed block forming a W or mountain shape.

      Vol. 3

    • Wedging Block

      Hechyo Makgi

      Two-arm block wedging an attack apart.

      Vol. 3

    • X-Fist Block

      Kyocha Joomuk Makgi

      Block with crossed fists.

      Vol. 3

    Punches, Strikes & Thrusts(31)

    • Angle Punch

      Giokja Jirugi

      Punch travelling at an angle to the line of attack.

      Vol. 3

    • Back Elbow Thrust

      Dwit Palkup Tulgi

      Elbow thrust to the rear.

      Vol. 3

    • Back Fist Strike

      Dung Joomuk Taerigi

      Strike with the back of the fist.

      Vol. 3

    • Crescent Punch

      Bandal Jirugi

      Punch following a half-moon arc.

      Vol. 3

    • Downward Punch

      Naeryo Jirugi

      Punch travelling downward.

      Vol. 3

    • Elbow Strike

      Palkup Taerigi

      Strike with the elbow.

      Vol. 3

    • Fingertip Thrust

      Sonkut Tulgi

      Thrust using the fingertips.

      Vol. 3

    • Front Elbow Strike

      Ap Palkup Taerigi

      Forward strike with the elbow.

      Vol. 3

    • Front Punch

      Ap Jirugi

      Punch travelling forward with the fist of the lead arm.

      Vol. 3

    • Hook Punch

      Goro Jirugi

      Punch following a hooking arc.

      Vol. 3

    • Inward Strike

      Anuro Taerigi

      Strike travelling inward.

      Vol. 3

    • Knife-Hand Strike

      Sonkal Taerigi

      Strike using the outer edge of the open hand.

      Vol. 3

    • Outward Strike

      Bakuro Taerigi

      Strike travelling outward.

      Vol. 3

    • Punch

      지르기Jirugi

      Generic term for a punch — straight thrust with the fist.

      Vol. 3

    • Reverse Knife-Hand Strike

      Sonkal Dung Taerigi

      Strike using the inner edge of the open hand.

      Vol. 3

    • Reverse Punch

      Bandae Jirugi

      Punch with the rear hand — opposite to the lead leg.

      Vol. 3

    • Side Elbow Thrust

      Yop Palkup Tulgi

      Elbow thrust to the side.

      Vol. 3

    • Side Front Punch

      Yobap Jirugi

      Punch travelling diagonally between front and side.

      Vol. 3

    • Side Punch

      Yop Jirugi

      Punch travelling to the side.

      Vol. 3

    • Side Strike

      Yop Taerigi

      Strike travelling to the side.

      Vol. 3

    • Stepping Punch

      Nagagi Jirugi

      Punch landing as the foot steps forward.

      Vol. 3

    • Straight Fingertip Thrust

      Opun Sonkut Tulgi

      Fingertip thrust with the flat hand.

      Vol. 3

    • Strike

      때리기Taerigi

      Generic term for a strike — typically with knife-hand, back fist, elbow.

      Vol. 3

    • Thrust

      Tulgi

      Generic term for a thrust — typically with fingertips or elbow.

      Vol. 3

    • Turning Punch

      Dollyo Jirugi

      Punch landing as the body turns.

      Vol. 3

    • Twin Fist Punch

      Sang Joomuk Jirugi

      Punch with both fists simultaneously.

      Vol. 3

    • Upper Elbow Strike

      Wi Palkup Taerigi

      Upward elbow strike.

      Vol. 3

    • Upset Fingertip Thrust

      Dwijibun Sonkut Tulgi

      Fingertip thrust with palm up.

      Vol. 3

    • Upset Punch

      Dwijibo Jirugi

      Punch with palm-up fist (like an uppercut).

      Vol. 3

    • Upward Strike

      Olryo Taerigi

      Strike travelling upward.

      Vol. 3

    • Vertical Punch

      Sewo Jirugi

      Punch with the fist in vertical orientation.

      Vol. 3

    Sparring (Matsogi)(9)

    • Defence Against an Armed Opponent

      Dae Moogi

      Self-defence techniques against armed attackers.

      Vol. 5

    • Foot Sparring

      Bal Matsogi

      Sparring restricted to foot techniques only.

      Vol. 5

    • Free Sparring

      자유 맞서기Jayu Matsogi

      Spontaneous sparring with no pre-arrangement.

      Vol. 5

    • Model Sparring

      Mobum Matsogi

      Demonstration sparring repeated in slow motion to show technique.

      Vol. 1, p. 164

    • One-Step Sparring

      일보 맞서기Ilbo Matsogi

      Single pre-arranged exchange — attack and defence.

      Vol. 5

    • Pre-Arranged Free Sparring

      Yaksok Jayu Matsogi

      Choreographed simulated free sparring used in demonstrations.

      Vol. 1, p. 195

    • Pre-Arranged Sparring

      Yaksok Matsogi

      Sparring drills with both moves agreed beforehand.

      Vol. 5

    • Three-Step Sparring

      삼보 맞서기Sambo Matsogi

      Three pre-arranged exchanges, the first sparring drill.

      Vol. 5

    • Two-Step Sparring

      이보 맞서기Ibo Matsogi

      Two pre-arranged exchanges.

      Vol. 5

    Theory of Power(8)

    • Breath Control

      Hohup Jojul

      Coordinating exhalation with the moment of impact.

      Vol. 2, p. 14

    • Concentration

      Jip Joong

      Focusing all the body's force at one point at the moment of impact.

      Vol. 2, p. 14

    • Dynamic Stability

      Dongtchuk Anjong

      Stability while in motion — keeping the body grounded during rapid technique.

      Vol. 2, p. 14

    • Equilibrium

      Kyun Hyung

      Maintaining balance to channel power without falling.

      Vol. 2, p. 14

    • Mass

      Zilyang

      Body weight delivered into the technique.

      Vol. 2, p. 35

    • Reaction Force

      Bandong Ryok

      Newton's third-law principle — the body uses the opponent's or its own opposite reaction to amplify power.

      Vol. 2, p. 14

    • Speed

      Sokdo

      Velocity of the technique — exponentially increases impact.

      Vol. 2, p. 14

    • Theory of Power

      Him Ui Wolli

      The principles that generate maximum power: reaction force, concentration, equilibrium, breath control, mass, speed.

      Vol. 2, p. 14

    Source: Encyclopedia of Taekwon-Do, Gen. Choi Hong Hi, Vols. 1–2. Romanization follows the encyclopedia; hangul added where confidently known. Some pages cite vol. 2 with p. 0 — section reference only, specific page TBD.

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